New Marston Meadows
Sports Facility · Forest · Wetland
New Marston Meadows in Oxford is a picturesque 110.6-acre park that offers an idyllic setting for walkers and hikers to explore. With its diverse landscapes, including meadows, woodlands, and serene ponds, the park provides an ideal backdrop for outdoor activity enthusiasts. Whether you are looking for a leisurely stroll or a more challenging hiking experience, the park's well-maintained trails cater to a range of walking and hiking preferences, making it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts.
Visitors to New Marston Meadows can enjoy a variety of walking and hiking routes that showcase the park's natural beauty. From the tranquil Great Mill Pond Mead with its 1.2-mile trail to the scenic Miles route spanning 1.6 miles, there are options for all levels of walkers and hikers. The park's diverse routes offer an opportunity to immerse oneself in the stunning surroundings, with each trail providing a unique perspective of the landscape. Whether you're seeking a brief stroll or a longer, more challenging trek, New Marston Meadows has something to offer for everyone.
For walkers and hikers looking to discover more about the park and its routes, the Pacer Pedometer app provides detailed information and insights. From trail lengths and estimated times to user reviews and ratings, the app offers valuable resources for planning an enjoyable visit to New Marston Meadows. Whether you're a local resident or a visitor to the area, the park's natural beauty and diverse walking and hiking opportunities make it a must-visit destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Lace up your walking shoes and explore the scenic wonders of New Marston Meadows in Oxford today!
University Parks
Sports Facility · Pond · Scrub
Welcome to University Parks in Oxford, a beautiful 74.4-acre park that provides the perfect setting for walking, running, and various outdoor activities. With its scenic pathways and serene atmosphere, University Parks is an ideal destination for individuals seeking an invigorating and enjoyable outdoor experience. The park's diverse routes, including the popular Great Mill Pond Mead and Lazenbee's Ground Walk, offer options for walkers and runners of all levels. Whether you're looking for a leisurely stroll or a challenging run, University Parks has something to suit every preference.
As you explore University Parks, you'll be delighted by the variety of routes available, each offering unique scenery and experiences. The well-maintained pathways and lush greenery make it a haven for those who enjoy outdoor activities. The park's extensive network of trails, including the picturesque Mesopotamia Walk and the tranquil Lazenbee's Pond, provides ample opportunities for visitors to engage in physical activity and immerse themselves in nature. Whether you're interested in a short, brisk walk or a longer, more immersive run, University Parks has routes that cater to all fitness levels and preferences.
For those seeking an enriching outdoor experience in Oxford, University Parks is the place to be. Its idyllic setting and extensive range of routes make it an exceptional location for walkers and runners alike. Whether you're a local resident or a visitor to the city, University Parks offers an inviting environment for staying active and enjoying the outdoors. For more information about the park and its routes, you can download Pacer Pedometer, a useful tool for discovering additional details and insights about the park's offerings and amenities.
South Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility · Forest · Scrub
South Park, located in Oxford, United Kingdom, offers a picturesque natural escape for walkers and runners alike. With 55.9 acres of lush greenery, the park provides a serene and peaceful ambiance, making it an ideal destination for those seeking a rejuvenating outdoor experience. Its expansive trails and well-maintained paths cater to both leisurely strolls and invigorating runs, ensuring that visitors can indulge in their preferred activity while soaking in the park's tranquil atmosphere.
Visitors to South Park can engage in various activities, including walking, running, and hiking, amidst the typical cool and mild climate of Oxford. The park's diverse landscape, featuring rolling hills and open spaces, offers an engaging terrain for outdoor enthusiasts to explore. Whether it's a leisurely stroll through the wooded areas or a challenging hike up the park's scenic viewpoints, South Park provides an array of options to suit different fitness levels and preferences, ensuring an enjoyable experience for all.
Discover the beauty of South Park and immerse yourself in a refreshing outdoor adventure. Whether you're a dedicated runner, a leisurely walker, or a nature enthusiast, this park offers a welcoming environment for all. Don't miss the opportunity to explore the natural charm and tranquility that South Park has to offer. For more information about the park's walking and running routes, download Pacer Pedometer and embark on an exciting journey through this scenic haven.
Christ Church Meadow
Sports Facility · Forest · River
Explore the natural beauty of Christ Church Meadow, located in the heart of Oxford. With 82.1 acres of picturesque landscapes, this park offers a haven for walkers and runners seeking a peaceful and scenic environment for their outdoor activities. The park features various well-maintained routes, including the popular Christ Church Meadow Walk, which spans 0.8 miles and provides a delightful 14-minute stroll through the tranquil surroundings. Whether you're looking for a leisurely walk or an invigorating run, this expansive green space caters to all levels of activity enthusiasts.
Christ Church Meadow is an ideal destination for those who enjoy staying active amidst stunning natural surroundings. The park boasts a network of well-marked trails, providing options for both short, brisk runs and longer, more challenging routes. The longest route, spanning 1.2 miles, offers an immersive experience of the diverse flora and fauna that grace the meadow. Whether you're a dedicated runner seeking a new challenge or simply looking to enjoy a refreshing walk, the park's varied routes ensure that there's something for everyone.
Discover the endless possibilities for outdoor recreation at Christ Church Meadow, where the tranquil ambiance and lush greenery create an inviting setting for walkers and runners alike. For more information about the park's routes and amenities, consider downloading the Pacer Pedometer app, which provides detailed insights into the park's features and available routes. Whether you're a local resident or a visitor to Oxford, Christ Church Meadow offers a delightful retreat for anyone seeking a rejuvenating outdoor experience.
Bury Knowle Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility · Forest · Tree Row
Bury Knowle Park in Oxford is a serene and picturesque escape nestled within the bustling city. Spanning 16.8 acres, this charming park offers a tranquil ambiance that is ideal for walkers and runners seeking a peaceful retreat from urban life. The lush greenery and well-maintained pathways create an inviting environment for leisurely strolls and invigorating runs, making it a favored destination for those seeking outdoor activity and natural beauty in Oxford.
Visitors to Bury Knowle Park can indulge in a variety of activities, from leisurely picnics on the verdant lawns to energetic runs along the well-marked trails. With Oxford's temperate climate, the park provides a pleasant setting for walking and hiking year-round, offering a mix of sun-dappled paths in summer and crisp, invigorating air in the cooler months. Whether you're looking for a brisk morning jog or a leisurely afternoon walk, Bury Knowle Park provides an inviting setting for outdoor activity in any season.
Plan a visit to Bury Knowle Park and immerse yourself in the tranquility and natural splendor it has to offer. Whether you're a dedicated runner, an avid walker, or simply someone who enjoys the outdoors, this park provides an idyllic setting for your preferred activities. For more information on park facilities and route details, download Pacer Pedometer to explore the numerous walking and running options available in and around the park. Come and experience the refreshing ambiance of Bury Knowle Park for yourself!
Cutteslowe Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility · Forest · Tree Row
Cutteslowe Park in Oxford is a picturesque 64.1-acre green space that offers a range of routes and trails for walkers and runners. Whether you're looking for a leisurely stroll or a challenging run, this park has something for everyone. With a variety of routes, including the scenic Cutteslowe & Sunnymead Park and the more challenging Parc Grand Tour, visitors can enjoy a diverse range of terrains and landscapes while engaging in their favorite activity.
In addition to its diverse routes, Cutteslowe Park provides a tranquil and peaceful environment for outdoor enthusiasts. The well-maintained paths and lush greenery make it an ideal setting for those seeking a refreshing and invigorating outdoor experience. The park's 64.1 acres of open space offer ample room for outdoor activities, making it a favorite destination for both local residents and visitors to Oxford.
For those interested in exploring the park's routes and maximizing their walking or running experience, the Pacer Pedometer app is a valuable resource. Users can download the app to access detailed information about the park's routes, including length, estimated time, and user reviews. Whether you're a seasoned walker or a novice runner, Cutteslowe Park in Oxford is the perfect destination to enjoy the outdoors and stay active.
Headington Hill Park
Headington Hill Park, located in the charming city of Oxford, offers a serene escape for walkers and runners amidst its 18.8 acres of natural beauty. The park's tranquil ambiance and stunning panoramic views make it an ideal destination for those seeking a peaceful and invigorating outdoor experience. Whether you're looking for a leisurely stroll or a more challenging hike, this park provides the idyllic setting for all levels of activity enthusiasts.
Visitors to Headington Hill Park can engage in a variety of activities, including walking, running, and picnicking. The park's lush greenery and well-maintained trails make it a delightful spot for outdoor exercise in all seasons. While Oxford's climate may bring occasional showers, the park's beauty shines through in every weather, offering a refreshing and picturesque setting for walkers and runners to enjoy.
We invite you to discover the natural splendor and tranquility of Headington Hill Park, a true gem in the heart of Oxford. Whether you're a dedicated walker, a keen runner, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty of nature, this park promises a memorable experience for all. For additional park and route information, don't forget to download Pacer Pedometer and explore the countless opportunities for outdoor activity and adventure.
Horspath Road Recreation Ground
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility
Experience the tranquility and natural beauty of Horspath Road Recreation Ground, nestled in the heart of Oxford. This 4.5-acre park offers a serene escape for walkers and runners, with its lush greenery and peaceful ambiance. Whether you're seeking a leisurely stroll or an invigorating run, this idyllic park provides the ideal setting for outdoor activity enthusiasts to reconnect with nature and revitalize their senses.
Embrace the diverse range of activities available at Horspath Road Recreation Ground. From brisk morning jogs to leisurely afternoon walks, the park caters to individuals of all fitness levels. As for the typical climate in Oxford, expect temperate conditions suitable for year-round walking and running, with refreshing breezes in summer and crisp, invigorating air in winter.
Don't miss the opportunity to explore the scenic trails and rejuvenating green spaces of Horspath Road Recreation Ground. Whether you're a dedicated fitness enthusiast or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, this park has something for everyone. Lace up your walking or running shoes and immerse yourself in the natural splendor of this enchanting urban oasis. For more information on the park's walking and running routes, download Pacer Pedometer and discover the countless ways to enjoy the great outdoors.
Cutteslowe and Sunnymead Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility · Forest · Tree Row
Cutteslowe and Sunnymead Park in Oxford, United Kingdom, is a picturesque 86.0-acre park that offers an ideal setting for walkers and runners. With a variety of well-maintained paths and trails, visitors can enjoy invigorating walks or runs amidst the park's lush greenery and serene surroundings. Whether you're looking for a leisurely stroll or a more challenging run, the park provides a range of routes to suit all activity levels, including options for both short and long distances. The park's diverse landscape, featuring open meadows and wooded areas, creates an enriching outdoor experience for fitness enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
For those seeking a refreshing outdoor workout, Cutteslowe and Sunnymead Park offers a selection of scenic routes to explore. With a total of X routes available, including the longest route spanning X miles, visitors can discover the park's natural beauty while engaging in their preferred physical activity. The well-marked trails provide a safe and enjoyable environment for walkers and runners, allowing them to immerse themselves in the tranquil ambiance of the park. Whether you're aiming for a quick exercise session or a more extensive workout, the park's varied routes cater to diverse fitness goals and preferences.
For more information on the park's routes and additional details about walking and running activities, visitors can download the Pacer Pedometer app. This user-friendly app offers valuable insights into the park's routes, including distance, estimated time, and user reviews, enabling walkers and runners to make informed choices for their outdoor adventures. Cutteslowe and Sunnymead Park invites individuals to embrace the beauty of nature while engaging in fulfilling walking and running experiences, making it an ideal destination for those seeking a harmonious blend of physical activity and natural tranquility.
Herschel Crescent Recreation Ground
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility
Discover the natural beauty of Herschel Crescent Recreation Ground in Oxford, offering a tranquil and scenic environment for walkers and runners. Nestled in the heart of the city, this 7.8-acre park provides a peaceful escape from the urban bustle, making it an ideal retreat for those seeking an invigorating outdoor experience. The lush greenery and well-maintained paths create an inviting setting for leisurely strolls or brisk jogs, ensuring a delightful outing for all nature enthusiasts.
Visitors to Herschel Crescent Recreation Ground can enjoy a variety of activities, including walking, running, and picnicking amidst the picturesque surroundings. With Oxford's temperate climate, the park offers pleasant conditions for outdoor pursuits throughout the year, making it an excellent destination for individuals looking to engage in physical activity in a refreshing natural setting. Whether you prefer a relaxed amble or an energetic run, the park's expansive grounds cater to diverse preferences, promising an enjoyable experience for fitness enthusiasts and leisure seekers alike.
Embark on a fulfilling journey at Herschel Crescent Recreation Ground and revel in the rejuvenating benefits of nature. Whether you're a seasoned walker or an avid runner, this park beckons with its serene ambiance and ample space for outdoor activities. Don't miss the opportunity to explore this urban oasis and enhance your well-being through exercise and relaxation. For additional park and route information, download Pacer Pedometer and unlock a wealth of resources to further enrich your outdoor adventures.
Florence Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility · Forest · Tree Row
Discover the tranquil beauty of Florence Park, located in the heart of Oxford. With 20.3 acres of lush greenery and serene pathways, this park offers an inviting escape for walkers and runners seeking a peaceful outdoor experience. The park's well-maintained trails and open spaces provide an ideal setting for leisurely strolls or invigorating jogs, making it a favorite destination for fitness enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
In Florence Park, visitors can engage in a variety of activities to suit their fitness goals. Whether you prefer brisk morning walks, challenging trail runs, or simply immersing yourself in the natural surroundings, this park caters to all levels of outdoor activity. As Oxford experiences a mild climate, walking and hiking in the park can be enjoyed throughout the year, offering a refreshing way to stay active and connect with nature.
Experience the rejuvenating ambiance of Florence Park and embrace the opportunity to connect with nature in the heart of Oxford. Whether you're a dedicated walker, a passionate runner, or simply looking for a peaceful retreat, this park welcomes all with its scenic beauty and inviting atmosphere. Plan your visit today and discover the endless possibilities for outdoor enjoyment. For more information about parks and route details, don't forget to download Pacer Pedometer, your ultimate companion for exploring outdoor activities.
Broad Oak Nature Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility · Forest
Discover the serene beauty of Broad Oak Nature Park, nestled in the heart of Oxford. This 3.1-acre park offers a peaceful ambiance and an array of natural attractions, making it an ideal destination for walkers and hikers. The park's lush greenery, tranquil ponds, and winding trails provide a refreshing escape from the hustle and bustle of the city, creating the perfect setting for outdoor enthusiasts to explore and unwind.
Broad Oak Nature Park invites visitors to indulge in a variety of activities, including walking, running, and leisurely strolls. With Oxford's temperate climate, the park offers an enjoyable outdoor experience throughout the year, from refreshing spring walks to crisp autumn hikes. Whether you're seeking a brisk morning run or a leisurely afternoon stroll, this scenic park caters to all activity levels, providing a natural sanctuary for fitness and relaxation.
Ready to lace up your walking shoes and immerse yourself in the natural wonders of Broad Oak Nature Park? Embrace the tranquility of this enchanting retreat, and embark on a memorable journey through its captivating landscapes. Whether you're a seasoned walker or a casual hiker, this park promises a rejuvenating experience for all. For additional park and route information, download the Pacer Pedometer app and uncover the wealth of outdoor opportunities awaiting you at Broad Oak Nature Park.
Fry's Hill Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility
Discover the tranquility of Fry's Hill Park, nestled in the heart of Oxford. This charming 8.5-acre park offers a peaceful retreat for walkers and hikers, with its lush greenery and serene atmosphere. Whether you're seeking a leisurely stroll or a challenging hike, Fry's Hill Park provides the ideal backdrop for outdoor activity, making it a favorite among nature enthusiasts and fitness aficionados alike.
Fry's Hill Park presents a variety of activities for visitors to enjoy, from scenic walking trails to invigorating running paths. Embrace the city's typical climate as you explore the park, with opportunities for refreshing walks in the crisp autumn air or invigorating hikes in the springtime sunshine. The park's well-maintained pathways and picturesque landscapes cater to individuals seeking an active lifestyle, providing a rejuvenating outdoor experience for all seasons.
Plan your visit to Fry's Hill Park and immerse yourself in the natural beauty and invigorating energy of this idyllic setting. Whether you're a seasoned walker or a novice hiker, the park welcomes all levels of fitness enthusiasts to indulge in its scenic splendor. Don't miss out on the opportunity to explore this hidden gem in Oxford. For more information on parks and route details, download Pacer Pedometer and enhance your outdoor adventures today!
Newman Park
Experience the serene beauty of Newman Park, nestled in the heart of Oxford. This 1.5-acre park offers a peaceful ambiance, making it an ideal retreat for walkers and runners seeking a tranquil environment for their activities. The lush greenery and well-maintained pathways create a welcoming atmosphere for those looking to engage in outdoor fitness pursuits.
Newman Park provides ample opportunities for various activities, including walking and running along its scenic trails. Whether you prefer an invigorating jog or a leisurely stroll, the park's well-marked paths cater to all fitness levels. Embrace the typical mild climate of Oxford as you engage in your favorite outdoor activities, with the park offering a refreshing escape from the hustle and bustle of city life.
Plan your visit to Newman Park and embark on a rejuvenating experience amidst nature's splendor. Whether you seek a brisk morning run or a leisurely afternoon walk, this picturesque park promises a delightful outing for all. Don't miss the opportunity to explore the park's tranquil surroundings and invigorating trails. For more information about parks and route details, download the Pacer Pedometer app and discover the abundance of outdoor recreational opportunities awaiting you in Oxford.
Blackbird Leys Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility
Discover the natural beauty of Blackbird Leys Park, nestled in the heart of Oxford. This 23.5-acre park offers a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of city life, making it an ideal retreat for walkers and runners seeking a rejuvenating outdoor experience. The park's serene ambiance and lush greenery create a welcoming environment for those looking to immerse themselves in nature while enjoying their favorite activities.
Blackbird Leys Park provides an array of activities for visitors to engage in, including walking, running, and hiking amidst the picturesque landscapes. The park's location in Oxford ensures a mild and temperate climate, making it suitable for outdoor pursuits throughout the year. Whether you prefer a leisurely stroll or an invigorating run, this park offers diverse terrain and scenic trails to accommodate various fitness levels and preferences.
Experience the tranquil oasis of Blackbird Leys Park and embrace the opportunity to connect with nature while engaging in your favorite activities. Whether you're a dedicated runner, a leisurely walker, or simply seeking a peaceful escape, this park invites you to explore its expansive grounds and scenic trails. Plan your visit today and discover the beauty of this natural haven. For more information about parks and route details, download the Pacer Pedometer app and embark on your next adventure.
Oxford Road Park
Kid-friendly · Sports Facility
Nestled in the heart of Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Road Park offers a tranquil escape for walkers and runners seeking a picturesque natural setting. With its lush greenery, peaceful atmosphere, and well-maintained paths, this 3.9-acre park provides the ideal environment for outdoor enthusiasts to indulge in their passion for walking and running amidst nature's beauty.
At Oxford Road Park, visitors can engage in a variety of activities, including leisurely strolls, brisk jogs, and invigorating hikes. The park's convenient location allows for year-round enjoyment, and its pathways are well-suited for both sunny and rainy weather typical of the city. Whether you prefer a gentle walk in the springtime or a brisk run in the crisp autumn air, this park caters to all walking and running preferences.
Experience the tranquility and natural splendor of Oxford Road Park, where every step is a journey of rejuvenation. Whether you're a seasoned walker or a novice runner, this park welcomes all fitness levels with open arms. Don't miss the opportunity to explore this urban oasis and discover the joy of walking and running in a serene environment. For more information on parks and route details, be sure to download Pacer Pedometer and unlock a world of outdoor adventures.
Parson's Pleasure
Parson's Pleasure, located in Oxford, is a charming park offering a serene ambiance, making it an ideal destination for walkers and runners. The lush greenery and tranquil surroundings create a peaceful setting for outdoor activities, providing a welcome escape from the bustling city life. With its spacious 1.1 acres, the park offers ample room for visitors to enjoy leisurely strolls or invigorating runs, making it a popular choice for those seeking a refreshing outdoor experience.
Visitors to Parson's Pleasure can engage in a variety of activities, including walking, running, and picnicking amidst the natural beauty of the park. Oxford experiences a temperate maritime climate, characterized by mild summers and cool winters, making it conducive for outdoor activities throughout the year. Whether it's a brisk morning jog or a leisurely evening walk, the park provides an inviting environment for individuals to engage in physical activities while enjoying the scenic surroundings.
Discover the tranquil beauty of Parson's Pleasure and embrace the opportunity to immerse yourself in nature. Whether you're a dedicated runner or simply enjoy a leisurely stroll, this park offers a rejuvenating escape from the daily grind. Plan your visit to Parson's Pleasure and explore the picturesque landscapes and refreshing atmosphere. For more information on parks and route details, download Pacer Pedometer to enhance your outdoor experience.
Gaisford Road Recreation Ground
Kid-friendly
Gaisford Road Recreation Ground in Oxford offers a tranquil and picturesque setting, making it the ideal retreat for walkers and runners seeking a peaceful escape in the heart of the city. The park's lush greenery and well-maintained pathways create a serene ambiance, providing the perfect backdrop for a refreshing outdoor workout or leisurely stroll.
Visitors to Gaisford Road Recreation Ground can enjoy a variety of activities, including walking, running, and outdoor fitness routines. The park's diverse landscape caters to all levels of fitness, with paved paths and open grass areas offering ample space for exercise. In Oxford's temperate climate, walkers and runners can take advantage of the park year-round, enjoying the changing seasons as they explore the scenic surroundings.
Experience the tranquility and beauty of Gaisford Road Recreation Ground in Oxford, where nature and urban convenience converge. Whether you're a seasoned runner or a casual walker, this park provides the ideal setting for an invigorating outdoor experience. Plan your visit today and discover the rejuvenating benefits of this beloved community green space. For more information about parks and route info, don't forget to download Pacer Pedometer, your ultimate guide to exploring the best of Oxford's outdoor spaces.
Goose Green
Forest
Goose Green in Oxford, United Kingdom, offers a tranquil and scenic setting that is ideal for walkers and runners seeking a peaceful outdoor experience. With its lush greenery and well-maintained paths, this 4.7-acre park provides a welcoming environment for those looking to engage in walking and running activities amidst the beauty of nature.
Visitors to Goose Green can partake in various activities such as leisurely strolls, brisk jogs, and invigorating hikes, making it a versatile destination for individuals with different fitness levels. The park's location in Oxford, known for its mild and temperate climate, ensures pleasant conditions for walking and hiking throughout much of the year, making it an attractive option for outdoor enthusiasts seeking to stay active.
Experience the rejuvenating ambiance of Goose Green and embark on a refreshing outdoor adventure. Whether you're a dedicated runner or simply enjoy leisurely walks, this park offers something for everyone. We invite you to explore the natural beauty and serenity of Goose Green, and don't forget to enhance your experience by downloading the Pacer Pedometer app for additional information on parks and route details. Embrace the joy of outdoor activity at Goose Green, where every step brings you closer to nature.
Hogacre Common
Kid-friendly · Scrub · Forest
Hogacre Common, located in the beautiful city of Oxford, offers a serene and picturesque ambiance, making it an ideal destination for walkers and hikers. With its lush greenery and peaceful surroundings, the park provides a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of the city, inviting visitors to explore its natural beauty and unwind amidst nature's embrace. Whether you're seeking a leisurely stroll or an invigorating hike, Hogacre Common caters to all levels of outdoor enthusiasts, making it a haven for those looking to engage in physical activity in a serene setting.
In Hogacre Common, visitors can engage in a variety of activities, including walking, running, and hiking, amidst the typical climate of Oxford. The park's well-maintained trails and open spaces provide the perfect backdrop for outdoor pursuits, allowing individuals to embrace an active lifestyle while immersing themselves in the tranquility of nature. Whether you're a seasoned hiker or a casual walker, the park's 9.8 acres of natural beauty offer an inviting space to partake in physical activities and enjoy the fresh air and scenic views.
Experience the rejuvenating embrace of nature at Hogacre Common and embark on a memorable outdoor adventure. Whether you're looking to take a peaceful walk, embark on a challenging hike, or simply enjoy the beauty of the surroundings, this park has something for everyone. Come and discover the natural wonders that await you at Hogacre Common, and don't forget to download Pacer Pedometer for additional information about parks and route info to enhance your outdoor experience.